There is also the case of the more recent phenomenon called cyberbullying. Other interpretation also cite emotional and relational bullying in addition to physical harm inflicted towards another person or even property. Another classification is based on perpetrators or the participants involved, so that the types include individual and collective bullying. These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior. In the past, in American culture, the term has been used differently, as an exclamation/exhortation, in particular famously associated with Theodore Roosevelt and continuing to the present in the bully pulpit, Roosevelt's coining and also as faint/deprecating praise ("bully for him").īullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types. The verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710. This may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in "protector of a prostitute", which was one sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested until 1706). The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through "fine fellow", "blusterer", to "harasser of the weak". The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", applied to either sex, from the Dutch: boel, "lover, brother", probably diminutive of Middle High German: buole, "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the German buhle "lover"). Rationalizations of such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size, or ability. īehaviors used to assert such domination may include physical assault or coercion, verbal harassment, or threat, and such acts may be directed repeatedly toward particular targets. Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse – psychological (sometimes called emotional or relational), verbal, physical, and cyber though an encounter can fall into multiple of these categories. In the United Kingdom, there is no legal definition of bullying, while some states in the United States have laws against it. īullying may be defined in many different ways. In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior." A study by The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health in 2019 showed a relationship between social media use by girls and an increase in their exposure to bullying. The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture is on social media websites. This may include school, family, the workplace, the home, and neighborhoods. Ī bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. Individual bullying is usually characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person. The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons", and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways". Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism. Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse". īullying can be done individually or by a group, called mobbing, in which the bully may have one or more followers who are willing to assist the primary bully or who reinforce the bully by providing positive feedback such as laughing. Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostile intent, imbalance of power and repetition over a period of time. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of an imbalance of physical or social power. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. Share of children who report being bullied (2015)īullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. A bystander is seen in the background, paying no attention. A depiction of a student being bullied by three other students.
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